gh-37240: add one method to integer-valued polynomials
as this appeared to be useful and missing during #sd125
### :memo: Checklist
- [x] The title is concise, informative, and self-explanatory.
- [x] The description explains in detail what this PR is about.
- [ ] I have linked a relevant issue or discussion.
- [x] I have created tests covering the changes.
- [x] I have updated the documentation accordingly.
URL: https://github.com/sagemath/sage/pull/37240
Reported by: Frédéric Chapoton
Reviewer(s): Travis Scrimshaw