gh-37319: `build/pkgs/meson`: Update to 1.3.1, require >= 1.2.3 for Python 3.12 support, reject meson installed in inaccessible user schemes
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As reported in https://groups.google.com/g/sage-
devel/c/9ETciH8efTE/m/UfUO7xmsAQAJ, our `configure` script currently
accepts "system" meson that will not be functional in our venv.
```
$ pip install --user meson
Collecting meson
Using cached meson-1.3.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (1.8 kB)
Using cached meson-1.3.1-py3-none-any.whl (976 kB)
Installing collected packages: meson
Successfully installed meson-1.3.1
$ python3 -c 'import sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_path("scripts",
"posix_user"))'
/Users/mkoeppe/Library/Python/3.11/bin
$ /Users/mkoeppe/Library/Python/3.11/bin/meson --version
1.3.1
$ ./sage -sh -c '/Users/mkoeppe/Library/Python/3.11/bin/meson --version'
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/mkoeppe/Library/Python/3.11/bin/meson", line 5, in
<module>
from mesonbuild.mesonmain import main
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'mesonbuild'
```
Also tightening the version requirement. Only needed for Python 3.12
support (https://github.com/mesonbuild/meson-
python/blob/main/pyproject.toml#L36), but we do this unconditionally for
simplicity.
Also updating meson to latest and changing to a wheel package.
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URL: https://github.com/sagemath/sage/pull/37319
Reported by: Matthias Köppe
Reviewer(s):
