gh-36094: Height function for projective subvarieties
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--> Introduces three new methods related to height of projective
subvarieties.
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Direct transfer from #34559. Methods implemented: local_height,
local_height_arch, global_height.
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### :hourglass: Dependencies
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URL: https://github.com/sagemath/sage/pull/36094
Reported by: Dang Phan
Reviewer(s): Kwankyu Lee
