gh-38717: NotImplementedError when pow() called with modulus
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Many polynomial types silently ignore the modulus (third) argument of
`pow()`. For example,
```python
sage: R.<x> = PolynomialRing(ZZ)
sage: pow(x, 2, x)
x^2
```
This is true of `LaurentPolynomial`, `LaurentPolynomial_mpair`,
`MPolynomial_libsingular`, `Polynomial_integer_dense_flint`,
`Polynomial_rational_flint`, and `NCPolynomial_plural`. Ideally these
classes would implement this argument, but at the very least they should
raise `NotImplementedError` instead of giving an incorrect result.
URL: https://github.com/sagemath/sage/pull/38717
Reported by: Kyle Hofmann
Reviewer(s): Vincent Macri
