gh-36423: fix and activate E225 and E228
This is fixing (around 200 cases) and activating pycodestyle E225 and
E228 in the linter
```
E228 missing whitespace around modulo operator
E225 missing whitespace around operator
```
### :memo: Checklist
- [x] The title is concise, informative, and self-explanatory.
- [x] The description explains in detail what this PR is about.
URL: https://github.com/sagemath/sage/pull/36423
Reported by: Frédéric Chapoton
Reviewer(s): Kwankyu Lee
