gh-35786: onetbb: Upgrade to 2021.9.0 + GCC13 patch
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### :books: Description
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To fix build on fedora-39-minimal, archlinux-latest-{minimal,standard},
opensuse-tumbleweed-minimal - as seen in
https://github.com/scipopt/SCIP-SDP/actions/runs/5203680653
(https://github.com/scipopt/SCIP-SDP/pull/6)
Tests at https://github.com/mkoeppe/SCIP-SDP/actions/runs/5298512526
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Part of:
- #35092
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### :hourglass: Dependencies
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- Depends on #35785 (merged here)
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URL: https://github.com/sagemath/sage/pull/35786
Reported by: Matthias Köppe
Reviewer(s): Dima Pasechnik
