[GPU] Fix implicit narrowing conversion warnings (C4244) in GPU plugin - Step 2 (#35444)
### Details:
### Details:
- Continue fixing implicit narrowing conversions (C4244) in GPU plugin
for `/wd4244` removal (BinSkim BA2007 compliance)
- Widen local variables to match source types (`int64_t`,
`ov::Dimension::value_type`, `tensor::value_type`) instead of narrowing
with `static_cast`; use `static_cast` only at API boundaries
(kernel_selector `uint32_t`, oneDNN `int`, OpenCL API)
- Fix `double` → `float` narrowing with `sqrtf()`, float literals
(`0.5f`), or `static_cast<float>()` in kernel param calculations
- Deduplicate conversion patterns: `append_from_lock` lambda in
`memory.hpp`, `to_i32_vec`/`to_u8_vec` helpers in `strided_slice.cpp`
- Fix type mismatches in debug/runtime infra: `m_iter` (`size_t` →
`int64_t`), `dump()` signature (`uint32_t` → `uint64_t`)
- Remove dead code in `border.cpp` and `detection_output.cpp`
### Tickets:
- [CVS-185007](https://jira.devtools.intel.com/browse/CVS-185007)
### AI Assistance:
- AI assistance used: yes
- GitHub Copilot used for code analysis (identifying root causes of each
warning, evaluating fix options for type safety), generating fix code,
and verifying build results with `CMAKE_COMPILE_WARNING_AS_ERROR=ON`
(`/WX`). All changes were human-reviewed for correctness, validated via
local `/WX` clean build with `ENABLE_TESTS=ON`, and confirmed to have no
performance or accuracy impact.