Update config file doc to match command line doc and `--help` (#7776)
This pull request reorganizes the command line docs, the config file docs, and
the output of `--help` so they all list the options in the same order and all
use the same section heading titles.
It also adds a few previously undocumented flags to the docs, such as `--pretty`
and several of the report generation flags.
As a part of this cleanup, this PR also makes two minor changes to the flags
themselves: `--custom-typing` was renamed to `--custom-typing-module` and
the `--strict-optional-whitelist` flag was deprecated.
Fixes #7574, #7575, #7772.