[mypyc] Add fast path for simple calls in wrapper functions (#9948)
Add specialized argument parsing functions for these simple signatures:
1. No arguments
2. Single argument
3. No keyword-only args, *kwargs or **kwargs
The latter case covers many typical functions, such as these:
```
def f(x: int, y: int) -> int: ...
def g(x: int = 0) -> str: ...
```
The new parsing functions take a fast path when the caller passes only positional
arguments. This speeds up wrapper functions a lot in simple calls.
Microbenchmark speedups:
* `positional_args_from_interpreted` is 1.5x faster (now faster than interpreted)
* `nested_func` is 1.5x faster
* `sorted_with_key` is 14% faster (now faster than interpreted)