Update patch versions and add new ones for all supported languages (#10217)
* base.py: Update Python patch versions
Update the Python patch versions of CPython 3.7 to 3.11 and PyPy 3.8 and 3.9 to their latest versions.
* Apply suggestions from code review
* Update nodejs and golang patch versions
* Nodejs update 18 to the LTS version
* Add latest golang, rust and nodejs versions
* Typo
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Co-authored-by: Manuel Kaufmann <humitos@gmail.com>