[vulkan] Add 2D transposed convolutions (#67104)
Summary:
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/67104
Add 2D transposed convolutions to Vulkan. Currently, only `dilation={1,1}` is supported. We plan to support dilation at a later time.
Test Plan:
Build and run `vulkan_api_test`:
```
cd ~/pytorch
BUILD_CUSTOM_PROTOBUF=OFF \
BUILD_TEST=ON \
USE_EIGEN_FOR_BLAS=OFF \
USE_FBGEMM=OFF \
USE_MKLDNN=OFF \
USE_NNPACK=OFF \
USE_NUMPY=OFF \
USE_OBSERVERS=OFF \
USE_PYTORCH_QNNPACK=OFF \
USE_QNNPACK=OFF \
USE_VULKAN=ON \
USE_VULKAN_API=ON \
USE_VULKAN_SHADERC_RUNTIME=ON \
USE_VULKAN_WRAPPER=OFF \
MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.9 CC=clang CXX=clang++ python3 setup.py develop --cmake && ./build/bin/vulkan_api_test
```
Reviewed By: beback4u
Differential Revision: D31731742
fbshipit-source-id: b79c946c8d988bb4d83e9fd3381992a4f2f4be80
