[CI] Move libtorch-debug CUDA build to CUDA-12.1 (#102756)
To avoid nvcc segfaults, compile without `--source-in-ptx` option on CUDA-12.1+
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### <samp>🤖 Generated by Copilot at 984e4b2</samp>
> _Sing, O Muse, of the daring deeds of PyTorch, the swift and fiery_
> _framework that harnesses the power of CUDA, the blazing tool of Nvidia._
> _How they faced a mighty challenge when CUDA, the ever-shifting,_
> _released a new version, twelve point one, that broke their code and caused them grief._
Fixes https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/102372
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/102756
Approved by: https://github.com/atalman
