[ONNX] Improve shape inference supporting inferred values and unspecified optionals (#78999)
Extend to support the following in onnx shape inference:
* Utilizing inferred constant values. Provides more information than just shape and type of the input.
E.g. Enables `onnx::Resize` when `scales` input are constructed by `onnx::Concat` of constants.
* `prim::Constant`, especially the one that represents `None`, which later represents unspecified optional input in ONNX.
E.g. Enables `onnx::Resize` when the second optional input `roi` is not provided.
Fixes #69346
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/78999
Approved by: https://github.com/justinchuby, https://github.com/garymm
