[Vulkan] Fix static analysis errors in vulkan_quantized_api_test.cpp (#97400)
Summary:
Fixes many static analysis and linter issues present in vulkan_quantized_api_test.cpp.
Replaces C-style rand function by Cpp rand functions.
Test Plan:
```
buck run --target-platforms ovr_config//platform/macos:arm64-fbsource -c pt.vulkan_full_precision=1 //xplat/caffe2:pt_vulkan_quantized_api_test_binAppleMac\#macosx-arm64
```
Differential Revision: D44315235
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/97400
Approved by: https://github.com/kimishpatel
