[dynamo] Move global state guards to C++ (#108624)
This combines a bunch of python global state guards into a single C++ guard and switches to checking them 100% of the time. It also adds a few new guards for things that change inductor's behavior. Even though we are checking more things, I expect this to be much faster.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/108624
Approved by: https://github.com/anijain2305
