[vulkan] Enable 2D texture types (#86971)
Adds the ability to use 2D GPU textures to represent tensors. The `StorageType` enum can be used to represent other representation modes in the future, such as buffer representations, etc.
Differential Revision: [D40363112](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D40363112/)
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/86971
Approved by: https://github.com/kirklandsign
