Revert "Revert [ONNX] Enable data propagation from ONNX to simplify current shape inference" (#80730)
**Description**
PR details are in the original PR: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/75307. That one has been reverted due to some failures from the main branch. I saw there are some CIs using older ONNX version (1.4.1, 1.11.0), which do not have the new API interface I brought in ONNX 1.12.0. I think PyTorch has consumed the latest (1.12.0) ONNX already. I don't have right to reopen the old one and so open this new one for testing. It's identical to the original one.
**Motivation**
Reland https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/75307 and fix #75677.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/80730
Approved by: https://github.com/BowenBao
