feat: Update Dockerfile default versions for Python, OS, and CUDA arch list (#121560)
- Update Dockerfile default versions for Python, OS, and CUDA arch list
- Python 3.8 is EOL later this year, the `docker.Makefile` has 3.10 as default
- `docker.Makefile` is using 22.04 so this just aligns that
- The GPU feature list is quite dated, most of those architectures are long past EOL and we aren't getting the newer cards (A100, H100) into that list until now https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-compiler-driver-nvcc/index.html#gpu-feature-list
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/121560
Approved by: https://github.com/seemethere, https://github.com/Neilblaze, https://github.com/atalman, https://github.com/malfet
