[JIT] Add SchemaInfo python bindings to init.cpp (#81518)
- Added python bindings for SchemaInfo class, SchemaArgument struct, and SchemaArgType enum.
- Tested that argument values are added correctly to SchemaInfo binding in test_schema_check.py
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/81518
Approved by: https://github.com/davidberard98
