[vulkan][ez] lock cache mutex when purging for ShaderCache (#83738)
Acquire mutex before clearing cache in `ShaderCache`.
Differential Revision: [D38865341](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D38865341/)
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/83738
Approved by: https://github.com/kirklandsign