[ONNX] Reland #81953 Type utility for converting among JIT, torch and ONNX data types (#82995)
Re-land #81953
Add `_type_utils` for handling data type conversion among JIT, torch and ONNX.
- Replace dictionary / list indexing with methods in ScalarType
- Breaking: **Remove ScalarType from `symbolic_helper`** and move it to `_type_utils`
- Deprecated: "cast_pytorch_to_onnx", "pytorch_name_to_type", "scalar_name_to_pytorch", "scalar_type_to_onnx", "scalar_type_to_pytorch_type" in `symbolic_helper`
- Deprecate the type mappings and lists. Remove all internal references
- Move _cast_func_template to opset 9 and remove its reference elsewhere (clean up). Added documentation for easy discovery
Why: List / dictionary indexing and lookup are error-prone and convoluted.
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/82995
Approved by: https://github.com/kit1980
