[c10d] Introduce ProcessGroupWrapper
Adds C++ implementation of ProcessGroupWrapper. It wraps
an underlying ProcessGroup and does debug checks before dispatching the
collective to the underlying pg. The design mostly follows https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/22071.
Concretely, on each collective, we:
1. Verify op type consistency. This can help catch mismatched ops in the user application (i.e. allreduce on one rank and allgather on another)
2. Verify tensor shapes. This can help catch bugs where the tensor inputs are malformed, whereas normally in NCCL this would just lead to a hang. The shapes verification for allgather/allreduce_coalesced is omitted because they actually accept different shape tensors and don't error out.
This is done through an abstraction called `CollectiveFingerPrint` which uses a helper process group to do the above verification. Concretely, we gather the data we need for each of the above checks into tensors, and allgather them, and verify their equivalence.
Once all of this passes we simply dispatch the collective to the underlying pg.
Added `ProcessGroupWrapperTest` in python to comprehensively test these changes.
Differential Revision: [D28023981](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D28023981/)
**NOTE FOR REVIEWERS**: This PR has internal Facebook specific changes or comments, please review them on [Phabricator](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D28023981/)!
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