[AutoDiff] NFC: Change `DifferentiableFunctionExtractee` to a top-level type. (#27688)
Many places in the compiler that are completely unrelated to `DifferentiableFunctionExtractInst` are using `DifferentiableFunctionExtractInst::Extractee`, including `@differentiable` type lowering (IRGen/GenDiffFunc.cpp). This patch refactors it and renames it to `NormalDifferentiableFunctionTypeComponent` so that it is no longer part of `DifferentiableFunctionInst`.
Resolves [TF-904](https://bugs.swift.org/browse/TF-904).