[AutoDiff] Rename "associated function" to "derivative function". (#27603)
`assocFn` -> `derivativeFn`
`AssocFn` -> `DerivativeFn`
`assocFunc` -> `derivativeFunc`
`AssocFunc` -> `DerivativeFunc`
`associatedFunction` -> `derivativeFunction`
`AssociatedFunction` -> `DerivativeFunction`
`autodiff associated function` -> `derivative function`
`autodiff-associated function` -> `derivative function`
`AD associated function` -> `derivative function`
`associated differentiation function` -> `derivative function`
This is a follow-up to #27597.
Resolves [TF-882](https://bugs.swift.org/browse/TF-882).