Sema: Detect conflicting subtype bindings imposed on closure type variables
A type variable that represents the type of a closure can only be bound
to a function type, but this fact is not directly encoded in the
constraint system.
Check for the appearance of a non-sensical subtype binding on a closure
type variable in reduceBinding(), and promote the binding to exact as
soon as we detect this, since binding the type will always fail; we want
to fail as quickly as possible, before attempting any more disjunctions.
This is a generally good performance optimization, and it also addresses
a performance regression from "Sema: Filter bindings by considering
conformance constraints".
This also speeds up the expression from rdar://59008707, which also uses
Combine and is slow for similar reasons.