[Diagnostics] Centralize requirement failure impact assessment
Conformance requirements get their fixes attached directly where
other requirements have to use (for now) `repairFailure` mechanism.
Regardless of _how_ fixes get recorded there should be a single
way to assess impact of a particular requirement failure.
The rules are:
- If this is a requirement associated with an operator, impact
is based on use of the type which failed the requirement;
- If this requirement is from conditional extension,
it is considered a very high impact because failing such
requirement makes referenced member de facto invisible.
Resolves: rdar://problem/55593998
Resolves: [SR-11491](https://bugs.swift.org/browse/SR-11491)
