Lift derivative registration restriction for protocol requirements.
This effectively allows us to register single derivative for a
multiple original functions: protocol requirement and (possibly)
default implementations from extensions.
As a result, we might have default derivatives registered for
protocol requirements and non-differentiable requirements
conditionally differentiable (in an extension).
Roll back test changes from #84800 and re-enable SIMD and
Tracked<Float> differentiability by providing default derivatives
for AdditiveArithmetic and Numeric.
Fixes #55611
Fixes #84840