CMake: Expose `LLVM_VERSION_MAJOR` to Swift sources in the compiler
`LLVM_VERSION_MAJOR` allows us to target the `main` branch instead of
`rebranch` even when code must differ depending on the `llvm-project`
branch.
C++ sources get it "for free" by including `llvm/Config/llvm-config.h`,
unlike Swift sources. This change is deliberate redundancy. A need for
this conditional compilation flag in Swift code has not arisen, yet.