Sema: Make `@concurrent` not imply `async` on closures
The present approach is not prudent because `@concurrent` synchronous
functions, a natural extension, are a likely-to-happen future direction,
whereas the current inference rule is entirely grounded on `@concurrent`
being exclusive to async functions.
If we were to ship this rule, we would have to keep the promise for
backwards compatibility when implementing the aforementioned future
direction, replacing one inconsistency with another, and possibly
introducing new bug-prone expression checking code.
```swift
func foo(_: () -> Void) {}
func foo(_: () async -> Void) {}
// In a future without this change and `@concurrent` synchronous
// functions accepted, the first call resolves to the first overload,
// and the second call resolves to the second, despite `@concurrent` no
// longer implying `async`.
foo { }
foo { @concurrent in }
```
This change also drops the fix-it for removing `@concurrent` when used
on a synchronous closure. With the inference rule gone, and the
diagnosis delayed until after solution application, this error raises a
fairly balanced choice between removing the attribute and being
explicit about the effect, where a unilateral suggestion is quite
possibly more harmful than useful.
(cherry picked from commit 58d505961761d95cfd7a02c325baa6d4949ac499)
