[backport] [test] Fix external rewrite target URL origin (#94829)
### Why?
Backports https://github.com/vercel/next.js/pull/86863 to `next-15-5` so
the skip-trailing-slash-redirect fixture rewrites to the assigned custom
domain instead of the protected deployment-specific URL.
### How?
- Cherry-picked `551b32d8fc26f801a396391c002eea06ab963c31` with `-x`.
- Updates `test/e2e/skip-trailing-slash-redirect/app/middleware.js` to
use `https://middleware-external-rewrite-target.vercel.app`.
### Verification
- `pnpm build` passed. (`pnpm build-all` is not available on
`next-15-5`.)
- Not run: `pnpm test-start
test/e2e/skip-trailing-slash-redirect/index.test.ts` (stopped per
follow-up request to just cherry-pick and open PR).
- Not run: `pnpm test-start-turbo
test/e2e/skip-trailing-slash-redirect/index.test.ts` (stopped per
follow-up request to just cherry-pick and open PR).
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Co-authored-by: Hendrik Liebau <mail@hendrik-liebau.de>