[strict-route-types] Switch to `satisfies` when validating page and route modules (#87398)
Reverts https://github.com/vercel/next.js/pull/83239 flagged behind `experimental.strictRouteTypes`.
Makes the error messages a bit friendlier since we no longer need these `__*` helper types which made it harder to grok what we were actually doing.
`satisfies` is available since TypeScript 4.9. Our lowest supported version is 5.1. We could land this unflagged but this just makes it clearer that all the type changes are behind a single flag instead of being spread across flagged and unflagged.
Closes https://linear.app/vercel/issue/NXT-128