docs: add deploy tests documentation to contributing guide (#92388)
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## What?
Adds documentation to the contributing guide explaining how deploy tests
work and how to run them.
## Why?
Deploy tests are an important part of the Next.js CI pipeline that
verify the framework works correctly when deployed to Vercel. However,
there was no documentation explaining:
- How deploy tests are triggered on PRs
- How to run deploy tests locally
This came up in a Slack discussion where team members were debugging
deploy test failures and sharing knowledge about how to trigger and run
these tests.
## How?
Added a new "Deploy Tests" section to `contributing/core/testing.md`
that explains:
1. **Triggering Deploy Tests on PRs**: Deploy tests don't run on every
PR by default. To trigger them, you can modify a test file in the deploy
test suite, which causes CI to run deploy tests for that file.
2. **Running Deploy Tests Locally**: You can run deploy tests locally
using:
- `NEXT_TEST_VERSION` to test against a specific commit's pre-built
tarball
- `NEXT_TEST_DEPLOY_URL` to skip the deploy step and test against an
existing deployment
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[Slack
Thread](https://vercel.slack.com/archives/C04KC8A53T7/p1775265710012189?thread_ts=1775265710.012189&cid=C04KC8A53T7)
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Co-authored-by: Cursor Agent <cursoragent@cursor.com>