fix(turbopack): Recognize urls starting with // as external (#77526)
- fixes
[PACK-3337](https://linear.app/vercel/issue/PACK-3337/detect-urlexamplecomblahcss-as-external-in-css-imports)
- This fix allows users to put a url like `@import
"//example.com/stylesheet.css"` in their css files and be treated as an
external url with no specified protocol
- Refactors the code for readability by splitting up the different types
of patterns into their own respective handler functions
- Moved the `lazy_static` section outside of the function definition to
slightly increase performance by no longer needing the runtime checks
for those elements initialization.
- Added a test case to help make sure that the output matches what we
expect when encountering protocol-relative urls (e.g.
`//example.com/stylesheet.css`)