fix(cache): DCE to avoid pulling server internals into browser bundles (4/8) (#89865)
## Summary
Fix dead-code elimination in `packages/next/cache.js` to prevent
server-only internals from being pulled into browser bundles.
Restructures the conditional exports so bundlers can properly tree-shake
server paths.
## Test plan
- [ ] `pnpm --filter=next build` succeeds
- [ ] No runtime behavior changes
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Co-authored-by: Tim Neutkens <tim@timneutkens.nl>