examples: bump Alpine Docker base images to Node 24 (#101215)
## Summary
`with-docker-compose` and `with-docker-multi-env` used `node:20-alpine`.
Node 20 reached end-of-life in April 2026 and no longer receives
security updates, so these now use `node:24-alpine` (current LTS),
matching the Node 24 used by `with-docker`.
Also bumps `with-docker-compose` to TypeScript 5 (`next@latest` requires
>= 5.1) and `@types/node` to 24 to match the image.
