[red-knot] move standalone expression_ty to TypeInferenceBuilder::file_expression_ty (#14879)
## Summary
Per suggestion in
https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/14802#discussion_r1875455417
This is a bit less error-prone and allows us to handle both expressions
in the current scope or a different scope. Also, there's currently no
need for this method outside of `TypeInferenceBuilder`, so no reason to
expose it in `types.rs`.
## Test Plan
Pure refactor, no functional change; existing tests pass.
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Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>