Add rule removal infrastructure (#9691)
Similar to https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9689 — retains removed
rules for better error messages and documentation but removed rules
_cannot_ be used in any context.
Removes PLR1706 as a useful test case and something we want to
accomplish in #9680 anyway. The rule was in preview so we do not need to
deprecate it first.
Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/9007
## Test plan
<img width="1110" alt="Rules table"
src="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/assets/2586601/ac9fa682-623c-44aa-8e51-d8ab0d308355">
<img width="1110" alt="Rule page"
src="https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/assets/2586601/05850b2d-7ca5-49bb-8df8-bb931bab25cd">
