feat: introduce more docker tags for uv (#6053)
## Summary
Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/5610
This PR introduces additional images with the uv/uvx binaries from
scratch for both amd64/arm64 and make the mapping easy to configure by
generating the Dockerfile on the fly. This approach focuses on
minimizing CI time by taking advantage of dedicating a worker per
mapping (20-30s~ per job).
This PR also fixes `org.opencontainers.image.version` for all tags
(including the one from `scratch) to contain the right release version
instead of branch name `main` (default when no tag patterns are
specified).
For example, on release `x.y.z`, this will publish the following image
tags with format `ghcr.io/astral-sh/uv:{tag}` with manifests for both
amd64/arm64. This also include `x.y` tags for each respective additional
tag.
* From **scratch**: `latest`, `x.y.z`, `x.y` (currently being published)
* From **alpine:3.20**: `alpine`, `alpine3.20`, `x.y.z-alpine`,
`x.y.z-alpine3.20`
* From **debian:bookworm-slim**: `debian-slim`, `bookworm-slim`,
`x.y.z-debian-slim`, `x.y.z-bookworm-slim`
* From **buildpack-deps:bookworm**: `debian`, `bookworm`,
`x.y.z-debian`, `x.y.z-bookworm`
* From **python:3.12-alpine**: `python3.12-alpine`,
`x.y.z-python3.12-alpine`
* From **python:3.11-alpine**: `python3.11-alpine`,
`x.y.z-python3.11-alpine`
* From **python:3.10-alpine**: `python3.10-alpine`,
`x.y.z-python3.10-alpine`
* From **python:3.9-alpine**: `python3.9-alpine`,
`x.y.z-python3.9-alpine`
* From **python:3.8-alpine**: `python3.8-alpine`,
`x.y.z-python3.8-alpine`
* From **python:3.12-bookworm**: `python3.12-bookworm`,
`x.y.z-python3.12-bookworm`
* From **python:3.11-bookworm**: `python3.11-bookworm`,
`x.y.z-python3.11-bookworm`
* From **python:3.10-bookworm**: `python3.10-bookworm`,
`x.y.z-python3.10-bookworm`
* From **python:3.9-bookworm**: `python3.9-bookworm`,
`x.y.z-python3.9-bookworm`
* From **python:3.8-bookworm**: `python3.8-bookworm`,
`x.y.z-python3.8-bookworm`
* From **python:3.12-slim-bookworm**: `python3.12-slim-bookworm`,
`x.y.z-python3.12-slim-bookworm`
* From **python:3.11-slim-bookworm**: `python3.11-slim-bookworm`,
`x.y.z-python3.11-slim-bookworm`
* From **python:3.10-slim-bookworm**: `python3.10-slim-bookworm`,
`x.y.z-python3.10-slim-bookworm`
* From **python:3.9-slim-bookworm**: `python3.9-slim-bookworm`,
`x.y.z-python3.9-slim-bookworm`
* From **python:3.8-slim-bookworm**: `python3.8-slim-bookworm`,
`x.y.z-python3.8-slim-bookworm`
