Add graceful fallback for Artifactory indexes (#1574)
## Summary
There are more details in https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/1370,
but it looks like Artifactory servers have incorrect behavior when it
comes to HTTP range requests, in that they return `Accept-Ranges:
bytes`, but then incorrectly return 200 requests when you actually ask
for a given range.
This PR ensures that we fallback gracefully in this case. It's built on
https://github.com/prefix-dev/async_http_range_reader/pull/5. Assuming
that gets merged upstream, we can then remove the Git dependency.
Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/1370.
## Test Plan
`cargo run pip install requests -i
https://killjoyuvbug.jfrog.io/artifactory/api/pypi/pypi/simple
--verbose`
