refactor(topology/instances): put `ℕ`, `ℤ`, and `ℚ` in separate files (#12207)
The goal here is to make `metric_space ℕ` and `metric_space ℤ` available earlier, so that I can state `has_bounded_smul ℕ A` somewhere reasonable.
No lemmas have been added, deleted, or changed here - they've just been moved out of `topology/instances/real` and into
`topology/instances/{nat,int,rat,real}`.
The resulting import structure is:
* `rat_lemmas` → `rat`
* `rat` → {`real`, `int`, `nat`}
* `real` → {`int`}
* `nat` → {`int`}