[libc] Add POSIX regex stub implementation and build infrastructure (#196995)
Added the four POSIX regex entrypoints (regcomp, regexec, regerror,
regfree) and registered them for x86_64, aarch64, riscv, and arm.
regerror is fully implemented with all 13 POSIX error code strings. The
other three are stubs backed by simple string matching to validate the
build pipeline end-to-end.
This implementation is restricted to full-build mode
(LLVM_LIBC_FULL_BUILD) to avoid ABI compatibility risks with system
headers and internal state management in overlay mode.
New files:
* include/regex.yaml and regex-macros.h for header generation
* regex_t, regoff_t, regmatch_t type headers
* src/regex/ with all four entrypoints
* test/src/regex/ with regerror and basic round-trip tests
All 7 tests pass.