[libc][bazel] Add bazel targets for libc/include/... tests. (#141150)
This PR also sets `alwayslink=True` for `//libc/test:LibcUnitTest`. This
ensures that the `main` function provided always gets linked into a test
target. While not strictly necessary, it makes it so tests like
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/45d8759cbed0f216786729718608a8be72a505c6/libc/test/include/signbit_test.c
will give a duplicate symbol error if they incorrectly depend on
`//libc/test:LibcUnitTest`.
This PR is missing tests for generated header includes since the current
Bazel setup lacks generated headers or a mechanism to run hermetic
tests. CMake version of the header include tests:
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/a2ce5647200ad40ae356affd44db7d054de444d2/libc/test/include/CMakeLists.txt#L515
See issue https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/134780