[mlir] allow function type cloning to fail (#137130)
`FunctionOpInterface` assumed the fact that the function type (attribute
of the operation) can be cloned with arbirary lists of function
arguments and results to support argument and result list mutation. This
is not always correct, in particular, LLVM dialect functions require
exactly one result making it impossible to erase the result.
Allow function type cloning to fail and propagate this failure through
various APIs that use it. The common assumption is that existing IR has
not been modified.
Fixes #131142.
Reland a8c7ecdcbc3e89b493b495c6831cc93671c3b844 / #136300.
