Make linter quick-checks setup steps retryable (#94199)
We've been seeing linter failures when the `apt-get install doxygen` command fails to install due to network errors, and the workflow doesn't get retried since it's in a non-retryable step
This PR moves it to a retryable step
It also marks a deterministic step as nonretryable, since retrying that one will never change the output
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/94199
Approved by: https://github.com/huydhn, https://github.com/malfet
