Add hooks structure for passing around user provided hooks, add a new guard_failure_fn (#90371)
This PR introduces a new function we can pass to torch._dynamo.optimize - guard_failure_fn. Usage is in the PR, and the one stacked on top of it, but the gist of it is that it emits failed guard reason strings alongside code. This is useful for tests and debugging, as it gives far finer grained assertions and control than the compile counter alone.
This is a resubmit of https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/90129
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/90371
Approved by: https://github.com/ezyang
