[dynamo] refactor CacheEntry and ExtraState to eval_frame.c to C++ (#118438)
Part of implementing CacheEntry invalidation to fix https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/112090.
Changes:
- Move CacheEntry and ExtraState to C++
- Use pybind to control reference counting
- Use std::list instead of manually implementing a linked list
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/118438
Approved by: https://github.com/jansel
