[AutoDiff] Move stdlib sources to stdlib/public/core/Differentiation. (#28089)
Move differentiable-programming-related stdlib sources to
`stdlib/public/core/Differentiation`.
Related master branch PR: https://github.com/apple/swift/pull/27511.
master branch will have a `_Differentiation` support library containing
the `Differentiable` protocol and related APIs.
On tensorflow branch, the Swift source files in
`stdlib/public/core/Differentiation` will be directly built as part of
swiftCore for simplicity. Swift for TensorFlow users can continue to use
the `Differentiable` protocol and related APIs without adding
`import _Differentiation`.
- Create empty `_Differentiation` module on tensorflow branch to avoid
`#if canImport(_Differentiation)` checks in upstreamed AutoDiff tests.
- Rename `protocol _Differentiable` back to `protocol Differentiable`.
- Expose SR-11723. Workaround applied to fix
validation-test/ParseableInterface/verify_stdlib.swift.