[build-script] Support building "early" SwiftSyntax via `--early-swiftsyntax`
Similar to the way the early Swift Driver is built, introduce a
build-script option `--early-swiftsyntax` that uses the host Swift and
CMake to build the parts of the swift-syntax package that are expected
to become be used in the compiler.
Note that this does not obviate the need for the `--swiftsyntax`
option, because that build product uses the just-built Swift compiler
and SwiftPM to build, test, and install everything from the
swift-syntax package.