docs: remove Vercel mentions and improve deployment page (#78557)
This PR prunes references to Vercel in the documentation. Some of the
mentions were egregious and unneeded. Others were documenting specific
behavior for how Next.js runs on Vercel, which is better suited for the
Vercel documentation.
It also restructures our deployment documentation to remove any previous
bias toward Vercel. Rather than separating self-hosting (Node.js server,
Docker, static export) into its own section from managed platforms, it
now lists them all together. Vercel is listed under "Adapters",
alongside Netlify, Cloudflare, and AWS Amplify (in alphabetical order).
These are the companies we're working with on the [Deployment Adapters
API](https://github.com/vercel/next.js/discussions/77740), who currently
maintain their own adapters and will eventually migrate to use this new
API. We've [started working
on](https://github.com/vercel/next.js/pull/78166) that API.
For different features in the docs, like ISR or Middleware, this PR also
adds a new feature matrix that shows the different deployment options
and whether this feature is supported. For example, features that
require using the server are not supported with static exports.
Additionally, when there is configuration possible (like changing the
caching behavior of ISR) we link back to our guide which explains these
options in detail.

This PR also updates the Middleware section of the self-hosting guide to
mention [Node.js runtime
support](https://nextjs.org/blog/next-15-2#nodejs-middleware-experimental).
I've also removed the "Managed Next.js (Vercel)" entry for the docs
sidebar, as it is not necessary and Vercel should not have additional
priority there over other providers.

Netlify has confirmed they're okay with the specific feature matrix link
included in the adapters section, and I did my best to include the
Cloudflare and Amplify versions based on their documentation. If any of
the providers want to see changes to those links, please let me know and
I'll open a PR.